Performative utterances : their basic and secondary meanings with reference to five English translations of the meanings of the Holy Qur'an.

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:DX185015 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Sampled-Data Sliding Mode Control Design of Single- Link Flexible Joint Robotic Manipulator

International audienceIn this paper, we have designed a sampled data control law for the single-link flexible joint robotic manipulator using two different approaches. First, we have designed the sampled-data sliding mode control (SMC) based on the continuous time system. In the second approach, we have obtained the approximate discrete model of the system and then designed discrete sliding mode control based on this approximate system. Simulation results have been obtained and a performance comparison has been presented for both techniques

Istikhdām Istirātījiyyah Al-Af’āl al-Kalāmiyyah al-Injāziyyah f ‘Anāwīn al-Akhbār al-siyāsiyah wa al-Iqtisādiyyah fī qonāti al-Yutub Bī bī sī Niyuz ‘Arabi

The use of pragmatic strategies in the world of journalism is very influential on the creation of interesting language such as headlines. The pragmatic strategy that is often used in headlines is illocutionary, especially in political and economic news headlines, for this reason the author wants to discuss the illocutionary speech act strategy in terms of its types and functions in news headlines on the “BBC News Arabic YouTube channel” on March 29 – April 2022. This research includes qualitative descriptive research. The method of data collection in this research used the observation and written documents. The results of this research are (1) the types of illocutionary speech acts in political news headlines and economics on the YouTube channel "BBC" News Arabic on March 29 - April 1 2022 namely direct illocutionary speech acts and indirect illocutionary speech acts.(2) Direct illocutionary speech acts in political news headlines and economics on the YouTube channel "BBC" News Arabic on March 29 - April 1 2022 It has functions, among others, assertif to explain and inform, while the indirect illocutionary act functions in it are expressive to criticize, expressive to wonder, expressive to be concerned and directives to warn

Macroeconomic Shocks: Short-Run versus Long-Run Perspectives

Shocks that stem from goods and money markets are supposed to be influential as it takes some time for economic agents to realize their true impacts. Therefore, these shocks can induce uncertainty about key macroeconomic variables such as CPI inflation and real GDP growth. Impacts of nominal and real shocks are computed, evaluated and compared under short-run as well as under long-run restrictions for CPI inflation and real GDP. Furthermore, different countries with varying resource structures are incorporated to achieve a comprehensive and generalized analysis. Structural VAR models are employed in order to functionalize short-run and long-run restrictions. Impulse response analysis is done to analyze effects of nominal and real shocks on CPI inflation and real GDP in short-run as well as in long-run. Variance decompositions are done to locate main sources of uncertainties in CPI inflation and real GDP. Shocks from product market appeared to be more pervasive in comparison to shocks from money market

Macroeconomic Shocks: Short-Run versus Long-Run Perspectives

Shocks that stem from goods and money markets are supposed to be influential as it takes some time for economic agents to realize their true impacts. Therefore, these shocks can induce uncertainty about key macroeconomic variables such as CPI inflation and real GDP growth. Impacts of nominal and real shocks are computed, evaluated and compared under short-run as well as under long-run restrictions for CPI inflation and real GDP. Furthermore, different countries with varying resource structures are incorporated to achieve a comprehensive and generalized analysis. Structural VAR models are employed in order to functionalize short-run and long-run restrictions. Impulse response analysis is done to analyze effects of nominal and real shocks on CPI inflation and real GDP in short-run as well as in long-run. Variance decompositions are done to locate main sources of uncertainties in CPI inflation and real GDP. Shocks from product market appeared to be more pervasive in comparison to shocks from money market

Policy on SMEs in Pakistan:: Relationship between Entrepreneurial Orientation, Firm Performance and Ownership Structure

To strengthen growth of SMEs in Pakistan, it is important for the policy makers to understand some significant related variables. For instance, Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) is one such variable which can affect the performance of any business substantially; however, it is debatable if some of its dimensions do not affect the firm performance. This research investigates the relationship among the EO dimensions, firms’ performance and ownership structure. In this study, the collection of data was done by using a self-administered questionnaire survey using a 5-point Likert scale and Statistical Package for social sciences (SPSS) version 24. The findings revealed that EO has a statistically significant effect on firms’ performance and when checked individually for each dimension of the EO, it was clear that results for innovation were statistically insignificant, because innovation needs certain time and specific environmental conditions to yield significant results, whereas results for risk-seeking, proactive approach, autonomy, aggressive attitude, and competitive spirit were statistically significant and positively linked with the firms’ performance. The findings of this research reveal that ownership structure does play a significant moderating role on the relationship between performance of the firm and EO dimensions (Innovativeness, Proactiveness and competitive Energy) while Ownership structure doesn't play any significant moderating role between firm performance and few other EO dimensions (risk-attitude, autonomy and aggressiveness). Keywords:     Public Policy, Entrepreneurial Orientation, Firm Performance, Ownership Structure, Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs), Pakista

Agricultural Land Expansion and Food Security in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis

This study empirically investigates the impact of agricultural land, urbanization, GDP, food import, and credit to the agricultural sector on food security in Pakistan. The study employs Auto Regressive Distributive Lag Model (ARDL) bound testing procedure to estimate the impact of these factors on food security from the period1990 to 2016. Following the literature, we have employed two dimensions of food security: food availability and food accessibility. Food availability is measured by food supply (kcal/capita/day) while food accessibility is measured by food price indices. The results indicate that agricultural land, GDP growth, and credit to the agricultural sector have a positive and an increase in urban population has a negative impact on both dimensions of food security however, food imports have a positive impact on food availability and a negative on food accessibility in the country

The Role of Media in Awarenes of the Importance of Islamic Economics

The media contributes to social, political, and economic stability, and it may be the opposite depending on the way the media is used. Since economic media is considered the most important branch of the media, as it transmits, analyzes and interprets the economic changes that occur in society, and since the economic problem is considered one of the most important dimensions of the development problem in society, it has become necessary to train specialized cadres in economic media and formulate legislation that protects this crew from distortion and contamination, and their training must include studying the objectives of Islamic Da’wah and knowing the aspirations of the Islamic community and the Islamic nation in general. This paper aims to explain the role of the media in spreading awareness about the importance of the Islamic economy. The researcher used the descriptive analysis approach to explain the role of the media and the importance of the Islamic economy for the Islamic community.The research has proven that there is a strong relationship between the media and the economy, and that the media is important for developing the economy in general and disseminating information about the Islamic economy in particular

Moment Generating Functions of Complementary Exponential-Geometric Distribution Based on k-th Lower Record Values

The complementary exponential-geometric (CEG) distribution is a useful model for analyzing lifetime data. For this distribution, some recurrence relations satisfied by marginal and joint moment generating functions of k-th lower record values were established. They enable the computation of the means, variances, and covariances of k-th lower record values for all sample sizes in a simple and efficient recursive manner. Means, variances, and covariances of lower record values were tabulated from samples of sizes up to 10 for various values of the parameters